Abstract
T follicular helper cells (TFH) are a subset of recently discovered CD4+ T cells. Their major function is to participate in the formation of germinal centres (GCs) and promote B cell proliferation and differentiation to play important roles in the production of antibodies. Currently, the functions of TFH cells are clear. However, the early differentiation of these cells is not clear. Dendritic cells (DCs) participate in the differentiation of TFH cells. Therefore, this article reviewed the research progress regarding the influence of DCs on the differentiation of TFH cells and their major underlying mechanisms.
Highlights
In the early 20th century, people first discovered a group of special T cells in the tonsils
The characteristic transcription factor of T follicular helper (TFH) cells is B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6). These cells express inducible costimulator (ICOS) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5); they can migrate to B cell follicles to continuously differentiate into germinal centre (GC) TFH [1]
Application of the NIK inhibitor significantly decreases the ICOSL expression in dendritic cells (DCs). These results indicate that DCs enhance ICOSL expression through the noncanonical NF-κB pathway to further mediate DCs to influence TFH cell differentiation [5]
Summary
In the early 20th century, people first discovered a group of special T cells in the tonsils. These cells were localised in lymphoid follicles and had the function of assisting in B cell differentiation and maturation. The characteristic transcription factor of TFH cells is B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl). The characteristic transcription factor of TFH cells is B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) These cells express inducible costimulator (ICOS) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5); they can migrate to B cell follicles to continuously differentiate into germinal centre (GC) TFH [1]. Naïve T cells interact with dendritic cells (DCs) and differentiate into TFH cells under the functions of three types of signals. This article reviewed the research progress made concerning the promotion of the differentiation of naïve T cells into TFH cells by DCs with regard to these three aspects
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