The Role of Collision Ionization of K-Shell Ions in Nonequilibrium Plasmas Produced by the Action of Super Strong, Ultrashort PW-Class Laser Pulses on Micron-Scale Argon Clusters with Intensity up to 5 × 1021 W/cm2

Abstract

The generation of highly charged ions in laser plasmas is usually associated with collisional ionization processes that occur in electron–ion collisions. An alternative ionization channel caused by tunnel ionization in an optical field is also capable of effectively producing highly charged ions with ionization potentials of several kiloelectronvolts when the laser intensity q > 1020 W/cm2. It is challenging to clearly distinguish the impacts of the optical field and collisional ionizations on the evolution of the charge state of a nonequilibrium plasma produced by the interaction of high-intensity, ultrashort PW-class laser pulses with dense matter. In the present work, it is shown that the answer to this question can be obtained in some cases by observing the X-ray spectral lines caused by the transition of an electron into the K-shell of highly charged ions. The time-dependent calculations of plasma kinetics show that this is possible, for example, if sufficiently small clusters targets with low-density background gas are irradiated. In the case of Ar plasma, the limit of the cluster radius was estimated to be R0 = 0.1 μm. The calculation results for argon ions were compared with the results of the experiment at the J-KAREN-P laser facility at QST-KPSI.