Abstract
Advancements in tissue engineering have taken aim at treating tissue types that have difficulty healing naturally. In order to achieve improved healing conditions, the balance of exogenous matrix, cells, and different factors must be carefully controlled. This review seeks to explore the aspects of tissue engineering in specific tissue types treated in sports medicine and advanced wound management from the perspective of the matrix component. While the predominant material to be discussed is collagen I, it would be remiss not to mention its relation to the other contributing factors to tissue engineered healing. The main categories of materials summarized here are (1) reconstituted collagen scaffolds, (2) decellularized matrix tissue, and (3) non-decellularized tissue. These three groups are ordered by their increase in additional components beyond simply collagen.
Highlights
Chronic wounds are often stalled in the inflammatory phase of healing, and allograft tissues and collagenous skin substitutes aim to provide extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, and sometimes cellular cues to help the wound progress to healing
We aim to describe some of the collagen-based biomaterials and allograft tissues that are currently used to augment healing in sports medicine and chronic wounds
The different classifications put forth by the authors of collagen-based products—scaffolds, decellularized, and non-decellularized tissue—increase the options available to treat a myriad of tissue regeneration-related challenges across sports medicine and wound healing
Summary
Chronic wounds are often stalled in the inflammatory phase of healing, and allograft tissues and collagenous skin substitutes aim to provide extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, and sometimes cellular cues to help the wound progress to healing. Skin substitutes have been extensively used for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds, new interest in their use in sports medicine applications is emerging. This is due to their regenerative and healing properties including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-adhesion, and angiogenic properties. Bioengineering 2021, 8, 8 components are remodeled to provide additional strength to the damaged tissue [1] These phases are very similar in many other soft tissues, including musculoskeletal tissues such as tendon and ligament.
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