The role of caregiver social support, depressed mood, and perceived stress in changes in pediatric secondhand smoke exposure and asthma functional morbidity following an asthma exacerbation.

Abstract

Caregiver depressed mood and stress are associated with increased child asthma functional morbidity (AFM) and secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe), whereas social support (SS) reduces risk. This study extends previous literature by examining (1) longitudinal patterns of pediatric AFM and SHSe and (2) how caregiver stress, depressed mood, and SS are related to child SHSe and AFM changes. Participants were 334 caregivers who smoked, had a child with asthma, and were enrolled in a smoking cessation induction/asthma intervention. SHSe and AFM were measured at baseline and 4, 6, and 12 months. All measures were caregiver self-report. We used an autoregressive latent trajectory model to examine the intercept, linear, and quadratic growth factors and autoregressive and cross-lagged effects of SHSe and AFM. After an asthma exacerbation, decreases in child AFM and SHSe were followed by respective increases over time. Child SHSe at 4 months and 6 months predicted subsequent child AFM. Autoregressive paths were significant for only AFM. Higher baseline caregiver depressed mood and stress predicted higher baseline child AFM but not other growth factors. Higher baseline caregiver self-esteem SS was associated with only lower baseline child AFM and fewer increases in AFM across time. Exploratory analyses indicated higher baseline caregiver depressed mood and stress were associated with less-favorable changes in child SHSe and AFM. Caregiver depressed mood, stress, and SS should be considered when addressing pediatric SHSe and AFM. Caregiver support may be needed to maintain intervention gains. (PsycINFO Database Record