Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disorder, affecting 1 out of 500 adults globally. It is a widely heterogeneous disorder characterized by a range of phenotypic expressions, and is most often identified by non-invasive imaging that includes echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Within the last two decades, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the defining tool for the characterization and prognostication of cardiomyopathies. With a higher image quality, spatial resolution, and the identification of morphological variants of HCM, CMR has become the gold standard imaging modality in the assessment of HCM. Moreover, it has been crucial in its management, as well as adding prognostic information that clinical history nor other imaging modalities may not provide. This literature review addresses the role and current applications of CMR, its capacity in evaluating HCM, and its limitations.
Highlights
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited (60–70%) cardiomyopathy, affecting 0.2–0.5% of the general population across the globe, and has been the focus of extensive research over the last five decades [1]
HCM is a disorder characterized by inappropriate myocardial hypertrophy that occurs in the absence of any systemic or detectable causes
It was first described in the late 1950s, and whilst the initial diagnosis of HCM was made by pathologists, advancement in imaging has facilitated prompt diagnosis, risk-stratification, and earlier utilization of interventions to curb cardiovascular complications [5,6]
Summary
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited (60–70%) cardiomyopathy, affecting 0.2–0.5% of the general population across the globe, and has been the focus of extensive research over the last five decades [1] It is a highly heterogeneous disorder, attributed to the myriad of mutations involving the cardiac sarcomere proteins. The annual mortality rate is 1%, with the estimated survival rates being 98% at 5 years and 95% at 10 years [2], a small subset of patients is subject to adverse complications that includes sudden cardiac death (SCD), heart failure, and tachyarrhythmias [3] It is the most common identified cause of SCD in athletes in North America [4]. This literature review discusses the role of CMR in HCM, its current applications, and its limitations
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