Abstract
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (Received 14th April 1975) In attempts to define suitable conditions for the in-vitro fertilization of mammalian eggs, it has been shown that the osmolality of the medium affects the fertilization rate of mouse and hamster eggs (Miyamoto & Chang, 1973b), and the pH values of the medium affect the fertilization rate of hamster eggs (Bavister, 1969; Miyamoto et al., 1974), mouse eggs (Iwamatsu & Chang, 1971; Miyamoto et al., 1974) and rat eggs (Miyamoto et al., 1974). Iwamatsu & Chang (1971) showed that calcium ions affect the capacitation of spermatozoa and fertilization of mouse eggs in vitro in the presence of bovine follicular fluid. It has recently been shown that guinea-pig spermatozoa fail to fertilize eggs in calcium-free media (Yanagimachi & Usui, 1974). The achievement of fertilization in vitro by epididymal spermatozoa of mice (Toyoda et al., 1971) and
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