The role of C-reactive protein genetic variability in the onset of carotid artery disease and renal function impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Abstract

The role of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cardiovascular disease is well established and currently is considered as an equivalent of coronary artery disease. Studies have also reported that DM is associated with the prevalence of occlusive carotid artery disease (AD) [ [1] Kuebler T.W. Bendick P.J. Fineberg S.E. et al. Diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disease: prevalence of carotid artery occlusive disease and associated risk factors in 482 adult diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1983; 6: 274-278 Crossref PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar ] as well as the grade carotid artery stenosis [ [2] Göksan B. Erkol G. Bozluolcay M. Ince B. Diabetes as a determinant of high-grade carotid artery stenosis: evaluation of 1,058 cases by Doppler sonography. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2001; 10: 252-256 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar ]. In addition, DM is related to impaired renal function via several mechanisms [ [3] Vallon V. Thomson S.C. Renal function in diabetic disease models: the tubular system in the pathophysiology of the diabetic kidney. Annu Rev Physiol. 2012; 74: 351-375 Crossref PubMed Scopus (237) Google Scholar ]. During the last years novel data have arisen for the role of genetics in the initiation and progression of carotid AD [ 4 Pessi T. Eklund C. Huhtala H. et al. CRP and FCGR2A genes have an epistatic effect on carotid artery intima-media thickness: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Int J Immunogenet. 2009; 36: 39-45 Crossref PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar , 5 Jylhävä J. Eklund C. Pessi T. et al. Genetics of C-reactive protein and complement factor H have an epistatic effect on carotid artery compliance: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009; 155: 53-58 Crossref PubMed Scopus (16) Google Scholar , 6 Bleil M.E. Ferrell R.E. Sutton-Tyrrell K. Muldoon M.F. Manuck S.B. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and preclinical carotid artery disease in untreated hypertensive men. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006; 13: 98-100 Crossref PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar , 7 Losito A. Selvi A. Jeffery S. Afzal A.R. Parente B. Cao P.G. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and carotid artery disease in renovascular hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2000; 13: 128-133 Crossref PubMed Scopus (16) Google Scholar , 8 Diamantopoulos E.J. Andreadis E. Kakou M. et al. Atherosclerosis of carotid arteries and the ace insertion/deletion polymorphism in subjects with diabetes mellitus type 2. Int Angiol. 2002; 21: 63-69 PubMed Google Scholar ] as well as for impaired renal function [ 9 Hung A.M. Ikizler T.A. Griffin M.R. et al. CRP polymorphisms and chronic kidney disease in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. BMC Med Genet. 2011; 12: 65 Crossref PubMed Scopus (11) Google Scholar , 10 Cooper Worobey C. Fisher N.D. Cox D. Forman J.P. Curhan G.C. Genetic polymorphisms and the risk of accelerated renal function decline in women. PLoS One. 2009; 4: e4787 Crossref PubMed Scopus (12) Google Scholar ]. However, scarce data exist regarding genetic polymorphisms in patients with diabetes mellitus and their role in carotid artery disease and renal function. Thus, in the present study we examined the potential role of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on C-reactive protein (CRP) gene in the onset of carotid AD and impaired renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.