Abstract
BRCA1 (Breast cancer 1) was previously identified as a breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, but recently gained a major scientific interest as a prognostic and/or predictive marker for various tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in the world. We aimed to review the role of BRCA1 in NSCLC based on currently available literature. We performed the literature search in Pubmed database, using key words: BRCA1, non small cell lung cancer, chemotherapy, drug resistance. Articles published in English were selected for review. Research papers are mainly focused on BRCA1 mRNA expression studies in response to DNA damaging chemotherapy. Several articles about genetic and epigenetic changes of BRCA1 in NSCLC were also available. BRCA1 is a multifunctional tumor supressor protein, which plays a key role in essential cellular processes and modulates the cellular response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. With the difference from breast and ovarian cancer, BRCA1 has no role in NSCLC cancerogenesis and mainly discussed as a promising genomic marker for customized chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.
Highlights
BRCA1 (Breast cancer 1) used to be identified as a breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene but recently it has acquired scientific interest as a prognostic and predictive marker for various tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer related mortality in the world, in both men and women[1]
BRCA1 is a multifunctional tumor suppressor protein, which plays a key role in essential cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation, replication, mitotic spindle assembly, transcription regulation and higher chromatin hierarchical control[5], as well as DNA damage response (DDR) and apoptosis[6]
Besides its tumor suppression function, BRCA1 modulates the cellular response to cytotoxic chemotherapy
Summary
BRCA1 (Breast cancer 1) used to be identified as a breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene but recently it has acquired scientific interest as a prognostic and predictive marker for various tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer related mortality in the world, in both men and women[1]. Decreased BRCA1 mRNA and protein expression due to promoter hypermethylation are found in NSCLC patients. According to Lee at al., 30% of NSCLC tumors showed promoter hypermethylation in BRCA1 whereas no or low methylation was found in their matched normal lung tissue.
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