Abstract
The detergent builder properties of borate have been assessed and compared with those of other common builders, for example, phosphate and carbonate. It has been established that borate is able to sequester calcium ions, to lower the interfacial tension between a common fatty soil, olive oil and water, to enhance the negative surface charge characteristics of pigment soils (iron oxide, kaolin) in aqueous suspension and to provide the wash liquor with alkalinity and significant pH buffering capacity. In laboratory washing tests these effects are individually and collectively demonstrated to have a pronounced and beneficial effect on detergency performance. Similar behaviour was found with sodium perborate.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
