Abstract
The viticulture and wine industry contribute to the economy and reputation of many countries all over the world. With the predicted climate change, a negative impact on grapevine physiology, growth, production, and quality of berries is expected. On the other hand, the impact of these changes in phytopathogenic fungi development, survival rates, and host susceptibility is unpredictable. Grapevine fungal diseases control has been a great challenge to winegrowers worldwide. The use of chemicals in viticulture is high, which can result in the development of pathogen resistance, increasingly raising concerns regarding residues in wine and effects on human and environmental health. Promoting sustainable patterns of production is one of the overarching objectives and essential requirements for sustainable development. Alternative holistic approaches, such as those making use of biostimulants, are emerging in order to reduce the consequences of biotic and abiotic stresses in the grapevine, namely preventing grape fungal diseases, improving grapevine resistance to water stress, and increasing yield and berry quality.
Highlights
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), a perennial woody plant, constitutes the most valued fruit species globally and has been linked to agricultural and religious activities [1,2]
This study suggests that laminarin is an efficient elicitor of defense responses in grapevine, as it reduced the development of B. cinerea and P. viticola [32]
The worsening of climate change is very problematic for viticulture, increasing the biotic and abiotic stress and compromising the grape quality and yield
Summary
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), a perennial woody plant, constitutes the most valued fruit species globally and has been linked to agricultural and religious activities [1,2]. The climate change impacts in grapevine are visible in phenology, yield, wine quality and will increase the pressure of pests and diseases in the vineyards, due to the milder winters [11,12]. The foliar application of biostimulants acts as plant biostimulants enhancing plant growth and nutrient uptake, being an alternative to soil fertilization, avoiding some of the negative effects to the environment from leaching of nutrients into the groundwater. The application of these natural compounds has effects on plant physiology, pathogens development and leads to a diverse expression of plant genes responsible for triggering metabolic pathways and plant defense responses [13]. We cover the most used biostimulants in the vineyard, highlighted towards environment-friendly viticultural practices
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