The role of biomass in energy transition to net zero carbon emissions due to climate change: the Apulia case

Abstract

Biomass is a net zero carbon source of energy. On the way to reduce carbon emissions, although a few part of biomass is already used and energetically valorised, a large untapped potential remains. If high energy production comes from intermittent sources like solar panels and wind turbines, it becomes challenging to balance energy supply and demand. Therefore, the role of biomass is important for two main aspects: the full valorisation of this source of energy itself, and its stabilization role in new renewable energy scenario. The path towards a net zero carbon scenario cannot overlook the following three key factors. The first factor is the realization that energy demand is continuously rising. The second factor is the urgent need for immediate CO2 reduction. The third factor is the importance of maintaining the electric grid stable. Guided by these fundamental principles, this paper aims to analyse the role of full biomass valorisation in stabilizing the energy system and reducing CO2 emissions. As a part of a much wider work, this analysis encompasses the role of biomass in both a more ambitious scenario with a great amount of photovoltaics, as well as the current energy landscape. The methodology used is numerical simulation of the Apulia case through EnergyPLAN software, and the main findings reveal a significant reduction in CO2 emissions while keeping energy systems stable.