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Abstract
Biogenic amines, which are responsible for the realization of many physiological conditions of our body, are compounds that can be produced by microorganisms especially in fermented foods with high protein content. They can have harmful effects on human health only when taken in high amounts with food. However, in individuals with impaired anti-toxic metabolism, which is responsible for detoxification, even lower amounts may cause toxic effects. The most common health effects are nausea, vomiting, severe headaches, hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, various allergic reactions, abdominal pain and death in more severe cases. For these reasons, legislations on biogenic amines in foods have been established with some restrictions. Food producers have been asked to comply with these legislations. However, despite all precautions, biogenic amines in foods have not been completely removed. Further research is still needed to find effective solutions to prevent biogenic amine formation. In addition, consumers need to be made aware of this issue.
Highlights
Fermented foods that are heat treated such as baking, pasteurization and sterilization, or produced by the ripening of foods because of the metabolic activities of microorganisms are consumed quite extensively todays
Cheese and kefir made from milk; sausage, bacon and surströmming made from meat products; pickles, sauerkraut and miso made from various vegetables and fruits; tarhana and bread made from cereal products; beer and wine are widely consumed foods that can be given as examples of these fermented foods
Siddiqui et al have reported that blockade of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A (5HT1A) receptors and, to a greater extent, 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1B (5HT1B) receptors significantly inhibits bladder cancer cell growth and may be used in the treatment of bladder cancer 37
Summary
Fermented foods that are heat treated such as baking, pasteurization and sterilization, or produced by the ripening of foods because of the metabolic activities of microorganisms are consumed quite extensively todays. Five of the natural biogenic amines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, histamine and serotonin) play important roles in the body as neurotransmitters [6,7,8]. They can cause harmful effects when taken with high amounts of food. This suggests that, biogenic amines taken through food can lead to blood pressure changes and renal effects, through intrarenal transformations This will cause more serious health problems in patients with impaired anti-toxic metabolism, hypotensive/hypertensive patients, and those with heart or renal disease. Siddiqui et al have reported that blockade of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A (5HT1A) receptors and, to a greater extent, 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1B (5HT1B) receptors significantly inhibits bladder cancer cell growth and may be used in the treatment of bladder cancer 37
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