Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common form of skin cancer with a complex but not fully understood pathogenesis. Recent research suggests the role of beta human papillomavirus (HPV) types and HPV-associated inflammatory processes in cSCC development. Beta HPV types are components of the normal flora; however, under the influence of certain cofactors, the virus may trigger a malignant process. Dysregulation of the immune system (chronic inflammation and immunosuppression), environmental factors (ultraviolet radiation), and genetic factors are the most important cofactors involved in beta HPV-related carcinogenesis. In addition, the oncoproteins E6 and E7 of beta HPV types differ biochemically from their counterparts in the structure of alpha HPV types, resulting in different mechanisms of action in carcinogenesis. The aim of our manuscript is to present an updated point of view on the involvement of beta HPV types in cSCC pathogenesis.
Highlights
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) after basal cell carcinoma (BCC), originating from the keratinocytes located in the epidermis or adnexal structures
We summarize data on the incidence of beta human papillomavirus (HPV) types among patients with Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and discuss the main mechanisms possibly involved in beta HPV-related skin carcinogenesis emphasizing the role of chronic inflammation
Beta HPV infection seems to play an important role in initiating carcinogenesis, but not in tumour progression
Summary
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) after basal cell carcinoma (BCC), originating from the keratinocytes located in the epidermis or adnexal structures. Chronic sun exposure is one of the most important factors; sunrelated skin lesions, especially actinic keratoses, are described as precursors of cSCC. It most commonly arises in the cervical region [4]. Journal of Immunology Research of beta HPV in the pathogenesis of cSCC It is not clear if HPV is involved only in certain pathways of cSCC development; HPV acts as a cofactor in skin carcinogenesis, or HPV is not involved in tumour development [9]. We summarize data on the incidence of beta HPV types among patients with cSCC and discuss the main mechanisms possibly involved in beta HPV-related skin carcinogenesis emphasizing the role of chronic inflammation
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