Abstract
β-adrenergic receptor blockade has been demonstrated to benefit individuals with autism. Genetic studies have identified numerous factors linking β-adrenergic receptor blockade to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including β-adrenergic receptor variants, human leukocyte antigen genes, apoptotics factor caspase-3, glycogen synthetase kinase-3β, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. β-adrenergic receptor blockade has also been implicated in ASD via its effects on myelin basic protein, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase. β-adrenergic receptor blockade may have a significant role in ASD.Therefore, the characterization of β-adrenergic receptor blockade in individuals with ASD is needed.
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