Abstract
The role of bacteria associated with the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in pathogenicity is a controversial topic. Some scientists think that bacteria associated with PWN are chance contaminants, since bacteria exist both inside and outside the host tree, and they are not pathogenic (Yang 2000). For a long time it was thought that the PWN was the only pathogenic agent causing the disease (Mamiya 1975d, 1983; Nickle et al. 1981; Nobuchi et al. 1984; Fukuda et al. 1992a). However, some other scientists hold the alternate opinion that bacteria associated with the PWN may play some role in the pathogenicity of the disease (Oku et al. 1979; Kawazu 1998; Zhao et al. 2003; Han et al. 2003) and certain bacteria carried by the nematode may be symbiotically associated with the PWN (Zhao et al. 2005).
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