Abstract
Osteoimmunity plays an important role in the process of implant osseointegration. Autophagy is a conservative metabolic pathway of eukaryotic cells, but whether the interaction between autophagy and osteoimmunity plays a key role in osseointegration remains unclear. In this study, we prepared smooth titanium disks and micro-nano topography titanium disks, to study the immune microenvironment of RAW264.7 cells, and prepared the conditioned medium to study the effect of immune microenvironment on the osteogenesis and autophagy of MC3T3-E1 cells. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was used to inhibit autophagy to observe the change of expression of osteogenic markers. The results showed that the micro-nano topography titanium disks could stimulate RAW264.7 cells to differentiate into M2 type, forming an anti-inflammatory immune microenvironment; compared with the control group, the anti-inflammatory immune microenvironment promoted the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts better. The anti-inflammatory immune environment activated the autophagy level of osteoblasts, while the expression of osteogenic markers was down-regulated after inhibition of autophagy. These results indicate that anti-inflammatory immune microenvironment can promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, autophagy plays an important role in this process. This study further explains the mechanism of implant osseointegration in osteoimmune microenvironment, and provides reference for improving implant osseointegration.
Highlights
Osteoimmunity plays an important role in the process of implant osseointegration
Compared with smooth titanium disks, the average surface roughness of micro-nano topography titanium disks increased significantly (p < 0.05), which was consistent with the results of scanning electron microscope (SEM)
The results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of light chain 3 (LC3) and p62 in osteoimmune microenvironment increased on day 3 and day 7, and the expression level of LC3 and p62 decreased after using autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (Fig. 4B)
Summary
Osteoimmunity plays an important role in the process of implant osseointegration. Autophagy is a conservative metabolic pathway of eukaryotic cells, but whether the interaction between autophagy and osteoimmunity plays a key role in osseointegration remains unclear. The anti-inflammatory immune environment activated the autophagy level of osteoblasts, while the expression of osteogenic markers was down-regulated after inhibition of autophagy These results indicate that anti-inflammatory immune microenvironment can promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, autophagy plays an important role in this process. It has been found that nano topography can increase the surface energy of implants[7], affect the interaction between implant and bone interface from the level of cells and p roteins[8], promote osteoblast a dhesion[9], and potentially promote osseointegration. We found that compared with smooth, micron topography and nano topography, the micro-nano topography titanium disk obtained by SLA technology combined with alkali-heat treatment promoted the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells b etter[13]
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