Abstract
One of the functions of sleep is to maintain energy balance in the brain. There are a variety of hypotheses related to how metabolic pathways interact with sleep/wake regulation. A major finding that demonstrates an interaction between sleep and metabolic homeostasis is the involvement of adenosine in sleep homeostasis. An accumulation of adenosine is supplied from ATP, which can act as an energy currency in the cell. Extracellularly, ATP can act as an activity-dependent signaling molecule, especially in regard to communication between neurons and glia, including astrocytes. Furthermore, the intracellular AMP/ATP ratio controls the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase, which is a potent energy regulator and is recently reported to play a role in the regulation of sleep homeostasis. Brain ATP may support multiple functions in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle and sleep homeostasis.
Highlights
The role of ATP in sleep regulationNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
ATP AS A NEUROMODULATOR Sleep is thought to be essential to replenish energy sources in the brain that are depleted during wakefulness
It was observed in rats that ATP levels in several brain regions are stable during waking but exhibit a surge during the initial hours of sleep (Dworak et al, 2010). This ATP surge displays a significant positive correlation with the intensity of EEG slow wave activity (SWA; 0.5–4 Hz) in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, a parameter of sleep depth and homeostatic need for sleep. These results suggest that ATP levels drastically change during sleep in several brain regions and are directly related to SWA in NREM sleep (Dworak et al, 2010)
Summary
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan Venkatramanujan Srinivasan, Sri Sathya Sai Medical Educational and Research Foundation, India Lisa Marshall, University of Luebeck, Germany. One of the functions of sleep is to maintain energy balance in the brain. There are a variety of hypotheses related to how metabolic pathways interact with sleep/wake regulation. An accumulation of adenosine is supplied from ATP, which can act as an energy currency in the cell. The intracellular AMP/ATP ratio controls the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase, which is a potent energy regulator and is recently reported to play a role in the regulation of sleep homeostasis. Brain ATP may support multiple functions in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle and sleep homeostasis
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