Abstract
Lead is one of the heavy metals with oxidative stress that causes toxicity in human and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Chitosan-Pinus merkusii extract nanoparticle on lead acetate-induced toxicity in rat pancreas. Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticles were identified by Particle Size Analysis (PSA) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The male rats used were divided into a control group (treated with distilled water), lead acetate group (injected with lead acetate at 20 mg/kg BW i.p), and the treatment group (treated orally with Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle at 150 mg; 300 mg; 600 mg/kg BW and injected with lead acetate at 20 mg/kg BW i.p). Blood samples were taken to measure glucose and insulin level. The pancreas tissues were also collected to evaluate the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and histological evaluations of cell damage. The PSA showed that the size of Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle was 530.2 ± 38.27 nm. The SEM images revealed an irregular shape, and the morphology showed a rough surface. Administration of lead acetate resulted in a significant increase in glucose and MDA levels as well as a decrease in the level of insulin, SOD and GPx when compared with the control group, while that of 600 mg/kg BW of Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle gave a polar result. The lead acetate induced loss of pancreatic cells normal structure and necrosis, while Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle inhibited it. It could be concluded that Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle has a potential to be a powerful agent and may be useful as an antioxidant against free radical-induced oxidative stress and pancreatic cell damage mediated by lead acetate intoxication.
Highlights
IntroductionLead is one of the heavy metals that cause acute or chronic health impacts on human and animals. is toxicity may a ect various organs such as the heart [1], liver [2], testis [3], kidney [4], and pancreas [5], and other systems in the body [6, 7].e presence of lead in the pancreas is associated with oxidative stress which has been reported to be one of the possible mechanisms involved in lead pancreatic toxicity [5].In living systems, the pancreas is considered to be highly sensitive to toxic agents. e association between lead exposure and the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a relatively new nding
E ects of Chitosan-Pinus merkusii Extract Nanoparticles on Lead Acetate-Induced Changes in the Blood Glucose and Serum Insulin. is analysis was conducted for the purpose of evaluating the e ect of the extracts on the rats treated with the lead acetate
It was found that the glucose level in the blood increased, while the serum insulin levels decreased signi cantly ( < 0.05) when a comparison is drawn with the control group
Summary
Lead is one of the heavy metals that cause acute or chronic health impacts on human and animals. is toxicity may a ect various organs such as the heart [1], liver [2], testis [3], kidney [4], and pancreas [5], and other systems in the body [6, 7].e presence of lead in the pancreas is associated with oxidative stress which has been reported to be one of the possible mechanisms involved in lead pancreatic toxicity [5].In living systems, the pancreas is considered to be highly sensitive to toxic agents. e association between lead exposure and the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a relatively new nding. E presence of lead in the pancreas is associated with oxidative stress which has been reported to be one of the possible mechanisms involved in lead pancreatic toxicity [5]. Several researchers have shown that lead can cause pancreatic cell damage, suppress insulin secretion, increase glucose intolerance, and have diabetogenic e ects. Lead induces pancreatic cell death via an oxidative stress damage, causing pancreatic -cell dysfunction and apoptosis or necrosis [5, 7]. Is imbalance may promote the induction of lipid peroxidation, proteins, and DNA damage, leading to Veterinary Medicine International the death of pancreatic cells via apoptosis or necrosis [11, 12]. It was discovered that the activities of antioxidant or the act of inhibiting free radicals’ generation can help in protecting the pancreas from toxicity induced by lead acetate. Natural products can be used as a good alternative because of their low costs, availability, and lack of undesirable side effects [14, 15]
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