Abstract
Relevance. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common multifactorial disease in which allergens from the yeast Malassezia can worsen the severity of the disease. Local application of antimycotic drugs can reduce the allergen load on the skin and improve its condition.
 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ketoconazole 2% cream in the treatment of AD in children as an additional therapy, and the effect of sensitization to Malassezia and polymorphism rs7309123 in the Dectin-1 gene on the effectiveness of treatment.
 Materials and methods. 54 patients with atopic dermatitis aged 6-18 years were included in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups: a group receiving ketoconazole cream 2% (n=28) and a control group (n=26). Specific IgE to Malassezia was analyzed in 28 patients of the main group. Genotyping of the rs7309123 polymorphism in the Dectin-1 gene was performed in a group of patients using real-time PCR. Atopic dermatitis disease activity was evaluated before and after treatment using the SCORAD.
 Results. Improvement was observed in both groups of children in 3 weeks after treatment (p<0,001). Children who received ketoconazole in addition to therapy had significantly better dynamics of the severity indicator, compared to the control group (W=465,0, p<0,001). The rs7309123 polymorphism in the Dectin-1 gene affected the effectiveness of treatment: ΔSCORAD in the subgroup of children with the CC and CG genotypes was significantly higher than in the subgroup of children with the pathological GG genotype (20,2±11,5 and 13±6,5, respectively, T=2,12, p=0,044).
 Conclusion. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of ketoconazole in the treatment of atopic dermatitis as an additional therapy.
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