Abstract
Antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbance is a common adverse event occurring in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. The mechanisms underlying metabolic dysregulation are complex, involving various neurochemical and hormonal systems, the interaction of genetic and lifestyle risk factors, and the antipsychotic drug prescribed. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the relationship between antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances and body weight regulatory hormones such as adiponectin. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein related to insulin sensitivity, weight gain, and anti-inflammation, has attracted great attention because of its potential role of being a biomarker to predict cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Previous studies regarding the effects of antipsychotics on blood adiponectin levels have shown controversial results. Several factors might contribute to those inconsistent results, including different antipsychotic drugs, duration of antipsychotic exposure, age, sex, and ethnicity. Here we summarize the existing evidence on the link between blood adiponectin levels and metabolic disturbances related to antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia. We further discuss the effects of individual antipsychotics, patients' gender, ethnicity, age, and treatment duration on those relationships. We propose that olanzapine and clozapine might have a time-dependent biphasic effect on blood adiponectin levels in patients with schizophrenia.
Highlights
Schizophrenia is a major mental disease causing substantial impairment and burden [1]
Astudy by Lee et al has reported lower high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels in patients with schizophrenia compared to non-psychiatric controls [33]. Both schizophrenia and nonpsychiatric groups have shown that lower HMW adiponectin levels are associated with higher body mass index, worse risk for coronary heart disease, higher number of metabolic syndrome criteria, greater insulin resistance, lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and higher levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) [33]
Clinical and preclinical data indicated that failure to upregulate adiponectin production is related to antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances
Summary
Schizophrenia is a major mental disease causing substantial impairment and burden [1]. Data from drug-naïve populations suggested that people with schizophrenia may be susceptible to metabolic disturbances [10]. These findings remain controversial [11, 12] and further investigations are needed to distinguish whether these findings are contributed to genetic factors or unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Several studies found that adipokines, biologically active cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, may play an important role [13] Among those adipokines, adiponectin plays a crucial role in causing the comorbid conditions of schizophrenia and metabolic dysregulation (Figure 1) [14]. We intend to summarize the role of adiponectin in patients comorbid with schizophrenia and metabolic disturbance. We further discuss the effects of individual antipsychotics, gender, ethnicity, age, and treatment duration on adiponectin levels under those comorbid conditions
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
