Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal disability in the world. Traditionally, it has been thought that obesity contributes to the development and progression of OA by increased mechanical load of the joint structures. Nevertheless, studies have shown that adipose tissue-derived cytokines (adipocytokines) are a possible link between obesity and OA. Furthermore, according to recent findings, not only articular cartilage may be the main target of these cytokines but also the synovial membrane, subchondral bone and infrapatellar fat pad may be encompassed in the process of degradation. This review presents the most recent reports on the contribution of adipocytokines to the knee joint cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, infrapatellar fat pad alterations and synovitis.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive and disabling disease, one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders
Omentin is known as an intestinal lactoferrin receptor. It is a 313-amino-acid protein encoded by the ITLN1 gene, which is secreted by the visceral stromal vascular cells of the abdominal adipose tissue, and is synthesized in small intestine, lungs and heart muscles [48, 49]
Recent studies show that most articular visfatin derives from synovium, and the activity of visfatin is involved in chondrocyte and osteoblast activation, so targeting this enzymatic activity to disrupt joint tissue interactions may be novel in OA therapy [65]
Summary
Magdalena Richter & Tomasz Trzeciak & Maciej Owecki & Andrzej Pucher & Jacek Kaczmarczyk. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
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