Abstract
Tau protein plays a vital role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the nervous system; however, hyperphosphorylation or abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. The development of radioligand such as the 18F-flortaucipir (AV-1451) has provided us with the opportunity to assess the underlying tau pathology in various etiologies of dementia. For the purpose of this article, we aimed to evaluate the utility of 18F-AV-1451 in the differential diagnosis of various neurodegenerative disorders. We used PubMed to look for the latest, peer-reviewed, and informative articles. The scope of discussion included the role of 18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography (PET) to aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD). We also discussed if the tau burden identified by neuroimaging correlated well with the clinical severity and identified the various challenges of 18F-AV-1451 PET. We concluded that although the role of 18F-AV-1451 seems promising in the neuroimaging of AD, the benefit appears uncertain when it comes to the non-Alzheimer’s tauopathies. More research is required to identify the off-target binding sites of 18F-AV-1451 to determine its clinical utility in the future.
Highlights
Background“None of us wants to be reminded that dementia is random, relentless, and frighteningly common.” - Laurie GrahamReview began 06/26/2021 Review ended 07/13/2021 Published 07/26/2021Worldwide, around 50 million people are affected with dementia, with 10 million new diagnoses every year
Tau protein plays a vital role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the nervous system; hyperphosphorylation or abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders
The scope of discussion included the role of 18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography (PET) to aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD)
Summary
Background“None of us wants to be reminded that dementia is random, relentless, and frighteningly common.” - Laurie GrahamReview began 06/26/2021 Review ended 07/13/2021 Published 07/26/2021Worldwide, around 50 million people are affected with dementia, with 10 million new diagnoses every year. Other causes of dementia include frontotemporal dementia (FTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) [5,6] In both the central and peripheral nervous system, microtubule assembly (MT) is promoted by a microtubule assembly protein (MAP), known as Tau protein. Abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein results in filamentous deposits in neurons and glial cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders [7]. Such lesions have been described in AD, and other neurodegenerative disorders popularly referred to as tauopathies [8]. We aim to briefly evaluate and summarize the role of 18F-AV-1451 PET imaging in the diagnosis of various common etiologies of dementia
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