The role and therapeutic applications of exosomes in multiple sclerosis disease.

Abstract

A range of the central nervous system (CNS) and immune cells are affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex autoimmune disease of the CNS. Chronic neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuronal death are all features of MS, but the disease's molecular mechanisms are unknown. Exosomes are small, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles with a crucial role in cell communication. They are stable in biological fluids and emerge from the cell membrane during endocytic internalization. It might be possible to recognize better the mechanisms involved in the development and progress of illnesses by understanding the variety of exosomal contents and their associated targets, like neurologic disorders. In this review, we sought to bring together important data on the biology of exosomes in MS and highlight discoveries on these nanoparticles' prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic potential.