Abstract
The Environmental Impact Assessment system, referred to as the EIA system, is to evaluate the impact of the implementation of the plan or the construction and operation of the project on the environment, combine the surrounding environmental quality status, propose ecological or environmental protection measures,then evaluate the effectiveness of the measures, and draw a conclusion on the feasibility of the project(planning) in terms of environmental protection.This article summarizes the role and progress in environmental protection in the two aspects of planning and construction projects in recent years.Comprehensively selected cases found that both planning or construction project environmental assessment have played an important role in predicting the possible impact of planning or construction projects on the environment and ecology, and proposed feasible and effective environmental protection measures.After the planning or construction project adopts the conclusions and suggestions, as long as the "Three Simultaneous" regulations are followed, the impact of the planning or construction project on the environment or ecology can be prevented or effectively reduced. When it is necessary to conduct postevaluation of environmental impact, verify the actual conditions of the construction project, such as emissions and actual production processes.
Highlights
The "Regulations on Environmental Impact of Planning" stipulates that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of planning is to analyze the impact of the implementation of the plan on the relevant regions, river basins and sea areas, predict the impact of the environment, care about the health of the population under the implementation of the plan, promote comprehensive coordination between economic, social and environmental benefits after the implementation of the plan.The planning environmental assessment is to improve the scientific nature of the planning from the environmental point of view, and reduce environmental pollution and ecological damage from the source
The EIA of construction projects should follow the analysis results of “three lines and one single”, that is, the red line of ecological protection must not be crossed, the bottom line of environmental quality must be maintained, the upper limit of resource utilization restricts the level of resource consumption of construction projects, the access system is the threshold for construction projects to enter the planning area
The “Three Lines and One List” can exclude construction projects that do not meet the requirements of the planning EIA from the planning scope
Summary
In the process of rapid economic and social development in China, people need to evaluate the ecological and environmental impacts of planning implementation or construction project construction, and make a decision on whether the planning or project is feasible. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system began to gradually develop, and established in China and other major countries in the world. After the establishment of the EIA system, the relevant guidelines and standards of the EIA work are coordinated with the environmental quality standards, and gradually developed and improved, combined with the continuous development of environmental protection technology, and the ability to make decisions for the feasibility of the project in terms of environmental impacts is gradually improving. The EIA can be divided into planning and construction project EIA according to the classification of the evaluation objects, or can be classified into environmental quality and prediction assessment, and environmental impact post-assessment based on assessment time
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