The Role and Mechanism of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Autophagy during Mesenchymal Stem Cells Directional Differentiation

Abstract

To study the autophagy and mechanism of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in the directional differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and to provide basic research results for its application in medical field is the main objective of the study. The lung cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of mice were used as experimental materials. The experimental materials were divided into five groups according to the settings of no-disturbance, induction of differentiation, promotion of autophagy and inhibition of autophagy. The characteristics and changes of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/ protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway-related signaling molecules, autophagy activity and differentiation direction of mesenchymal stem cells in five groups were studied. According to the experimental results, the average value of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling molecules in the lithium chloride group was 6.21 on the 1st d of culture and the average value in the Dickkopf-1 group was 5.75. It can be seen that the activation and inhibition of autophagy activity are related to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/ protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. There is a clear correlation between the activation of signaling molecules in the pathway. The expression of signaling molecules in the phosphatidylinositol-3- kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway can affect the autophagy behavior of mesenchymal stem cells. This shows that mesenchymal stem cells have great application potential.