The risk of vaginal cancer is associated with a history of cervical neoplasia.

Abstract

Infection with high risk HPV is integral to the development of vaginal cancer, however what remains unclear is the proportion of women who develop vaginal cancer de-novo or as a complication of inadequate treatment of CIN. Incomplete excision of CIN at the time of hysterectomy results in persistence of intra-epithelial neoplasia at the vault of the vagina, known as VaIN.