The Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Using Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy in Taiwan.

Jui-Yao Liu,Shinn-Jang Hwang,Tzeng-Ji Chen

doi:10.3390/ijerph13050482

Abstract

Menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of breast cancer in Western countries; however, there are fewer reports from the Asian population, which has a lower incidence of breast cancer. A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing longitudinal National Health Insurance claim data of a 200,000-person national representative cohort. A total of 22,929 women aged ≥45 years in 1997 without previous diagnosis of breast cancer were enrolled and stratified into two birth cohorts born before or after 1933. HRT prescriptions were traced in outpatient data files and incident breast cancer cases were identified from 1997 to 2004. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze breast cancer hazard ratio (HR). HRT users were censored after they discontinued HRT. The results showed that women born during 1933–1952 had a twofold increased risk of breast cancer (HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.47–3.00) compared with women born before 1933, when adjusted for HRT use. When adjusted for the birth-cohort difference, HRT users had significantly increased breast cancer HR versus non-users after four years of use (adjusted HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.03–2.13); the HR further increased to 1.95 (95% CI = 1.34–2.84) after eight years of use. In conclusion, a longer duration of current HRT use was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer independent of the birth-cohort difference.

Highlights

Both randomized controlled trials and observational studies conducted in Western countries have shown that menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of breast cancer [1,2,3,4,5,6], but there are fewer reports from the Asian population [7,8,9]
It remains unanswered whether HRT use or a birth-cohort effect contributes to this phenomenon [18]
Compatible with the results of the Women’s Health Initiatives (WHI) study [1,2], our study found that long-term use of estrogen plus progestin increased the risk of breast cancer in women 45–64 years of age, but estrogen alone did not

Summary

Introduction

Both randomized controlled trials and observational studies conducted in Western countries have shown that menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of breast cancer [1,2,3,4,5,6], but there are fewer reports from the Asian population [7,8,9]. With the on-going Westernization of lifestyles, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing in Taiwan. There is an obvious birth-cohort difference observed, with the elderly generation retaining a low risk of breast cancer, while the younger birth cohort shows higher breast cancer incidence peaking at peri-menopausal ages [16,17]. It remains unanswered whether HRT use or a birth-cohort effect contributes to this phenomenon [18]

Methods

Results

Conclusion