The risk of bacterial endocarditis after percutaneous and surgical biological pulmonary valve implantation

Abstract

ObjectiveThis single center study compared the risk of bacterial endocarditis (BE) after surgical and percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. MethodsBetween Jan 1st 2010 and Dec 31st 2015 all patients who received a biological pulmonary valve (surgical/interventional) were identified. The clinical follow-up was analyzed with regard to BE applying the modified Duke criteria and echocardiographic findings. ResultsWe identified 246 patients who underwent a biological pulmonary valve implantation. The mean age was 15.9 years, (SD 12.7, Median 13.1). There were 166 surgical patients (67.5%), with 55 homografts (22.4%, mean diameter 27.4 mm), 106 Contegra® grafts (43.1%, mean diameter 17.4) and 5 Hancock® valves (2.0, mean diameter 25.6 mm) and 80 percutaneous pulmonary valve implantations (PPVI) (32.5%) with 51 Edwards Sapien® valves (20.7%, mean diameter 25.2 mm) and 29 Melody® valves (11.8%, mean diameter 21.9 mm). Patients with a bovione jugular conduit as the biologiocal substrate had an increased risk for BE and patients with Melody® valves had the highest risk for BE that was 5–8 times higher as compared to other valves. BE episodes were detected in 5/106 Contegras® (4,7%, 1.5 per 100 person-years), and in 6/29 of the Melody® valves (20.7%, 4.8 per 100 person-years). There were no cases of BE in patients treated with Edwards Sapien®, homografts or Hankock® valves. ConclusionWhereas homografts and Edwards Sapien® valves seem to have a very low risk of BE, this risk is increased in Contegra® conduits and in Melody® valves.