Abstract
In the current world, poverty and education are interconnected. Low level of education is the cause of poverty, as extreme forms of poverty do not allow many children to get a good education. This study investigates the risk factors that significantly increase the likelihood of pupils dropping out of school in Khartoum, Sudan. To accomplish the research, two factors are selected, namely absenteeism and low performance of pupils from poor, disadvantaged communities. A comprehensive interviewing is used to collect the necessary primary data along with the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) data. The life of pupils is characterised by multi-dimensional poverty apace with illiteracy, displacement and large family size, parents' engagement in low paid jobs. The pupils presented multiple reasons (related to poverty) for their absenteeism and low performance. The results indicate that pupils are not clear with their future perspectives whether to drop out of the school or to continue their studies. The study concludes that poverty is the main reason for absenteeism and low performance that increases the likelihood of pupils dropping out of school.
Highlights
The issue of poverty is widely discussed in the literature, but it will be counter-hegemonic and innovative to study poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon
This study identifies two risk factors or conditions that significantly increase the likelihood of pupils dropping out of school, namely absenteeism and low performance of pupils from disadvantaged communities
In all 103 analysed countries, the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) among children is higher than the MPI among adults, and the difference between the two figures is statistically significant in 82 countries
Summary
The issue of poverty is widely discussed in the literature, but it will be counter-hegemonic and innovative to study poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon. The mixed picture of progress can be seen through the lens of the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, produced by the United Nations Development Programme and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. 1.3 billion people in developing countries are multidimensionally poor (Alkire et al, 2017; Human Development Report, 2019). In 2010, the United Nations replaced HPI with the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). MPI, which is grounded in the capability approach, identifies overlapping deprivations at the household level in health, knowledge and standard of living, and shows the average number of poor people and deprivations with which poor households contend. People are considered to be multidimensionally poor if they are deprived in at least 33% of the mentioned indicators (Alkire et al, 2017; Michalowski, 2016)
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