The risk factors for premalignant and malignant endometrial polyps in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and trends over the past decade: A retrospective study in a single center, South Korea

Abstract

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and risk factors for premalignancy and malignancy in endometrial polyps and to evaluate trends over the past decade. Study designThis was a retrospective study of patients who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomy at Inha University Hospital, South Korea between January 2013 and June 2023. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients reviewed to identify risk factors for premalignancy and malignancy in endometrial polyps included the following: age, parity, body mass index, menopausal status, abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome, use of menopausal hormonal therapy or oral contraceptives, tamoxifen treatment in patients with breast cancer, and the number of polyps. ResultsIn total, 725 patients were enrolled, among whom 52 (7.2 %) had premalignant and malignant lesions. In logistic regression analysis, menopause (OR: 8.37, 95 % CI [3.33–21.04]), abnormal uterine bleeding (OR: 7.42, 95 % CI [2.13–25.86]), obesity (OR: 3.22, 95 % CI [1.53–6.77]), multiple polyps (OR: 2.86, 95 % CI [1.39–5.88]) and nulliparity (OR: 2.64, 95 % CI [1.13–6.19]) were significantly associated with premalignancy and malignancy in polyps. Annual trends during the study period showed an increase in the number of patients with three of the five risk factors (obesity, multiple polyps, and nulliparity) and an increase in the prevalence of premalignancy and malignancy in polyps. ConclusionsMenopause, abnormal uterine bleeding, obesity, multiple polyps, and nulliparity increase the risk of premalignancy and malignancy in endometrial polyps. The prevalence of premalignant and malignant polyps has been increasing over the past decade. The risk factors that have contributed to this trend were obesity, nulliparity, and multiple polyps.