Abstract
In 1893, Caldwell of New York 1 first described the radical operation on the antrum which has since been associated with his name. Shortly after, Spicer of England 2 and, still later, Luc of France, 3 working independently, each described a similar operation. Both Caldwell and Luc gained access to the anterior bony wall of the antrum by a transverse incision in the mucous membrane of the gingivolabial recess (fig. 1). Spicer used a crucial incision to reach to the anterior surface of the maxilla. No other modifications of this incision were reported until, in 1930, Menzel of Vienna 4 recommended the use of a vertical incision in the Denker operation and a vertical oblique incision in the Caldwell-Luc operation (fig. 2). The latter incision, which has been popularized in this country by Carmody of Denver, is in the direction of the branches of the infra-orbital nerves and also of the quadratus
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