Abstract

The purpose of this contribution was to evaluate a recently published atom model for Helium, characterized by a double rotation of the electrons which exhibit perpendicular rotation axes. Thereby, each rotation is induced by the spin of one electron [1]. Hereto, a tangible mechanical model was used which facilitated to derive the mathematical formulae as the basics for two-dimensional projections, and—not least—for a digital animation yielding freeze images from different perspectives. The resulting shape of the electron shell turned out to be not spherical. In particular, the total velocity of the electrons is variable since the relative running direction may change—in contrast to the initial assumption—, even leading to an intermittent standstill, and implying a variable kinetic energy. Thus it can be concluded that this model describes a rotating rotor but not the Helium atom, and that it must be abandoned.

Highlights

  • According to the conventional theory of quantum mechanics, the electron trajectories in atoms and in molecules are assumed as indeterminable and solely describable by probabilities of presence, implying Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

  • A tangible mechanical model was used which facilitated to derive the mathematical formulae as the basics for two-dimensional projections, and—not least—for a digital animation yielding freeze images from different perspectives

  • It can be concluded that this model describes a rotating rotor but not the Helium atom, and that it must be abandoned

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Summary

Introduction

According to the conventional theory of quantum mechanics, the electron trajectories in atoms and in molecules are assumed as indeterminable and solely describable by probabilities of presence, implying Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. The charge cloud model proposed by Kimball [2] is clearer but not exactly computable. It proceeds from Bohr’s planar hydrogen model, published in 1913 [3], wherein a fixed orbital angular momentum is postulated for the ground state, determined by Planck’s constant h/2π. Mechanical model which facilitated to derive the mathematical formulae as the basics for two-dimensional projections, and—not least—for a digital animation yielding freeze frames from different perspectives

The Tangible Mechanic Model of the Helium Atom
Derivation of the Angle Dependent Position of the Electrons
Trajectory-Projections on the Different Planes of the Coordinate System
Summary and Conclusion
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