Abstract
Objectives. The psychometric properties regarding sex and age for the revised version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) and its derived short version, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-140), were evaluated with a randomized sample from the community.Methods. A randomized sample of 367 normal adult subjects from a Spanish municipality, who were representative of the general population based on sex and age, participated in the current study. Descriptive statistics and internal consistency according to α coefficient were obtained for all of the dimensions and facets. T-tests and univariate analyses of variance, followed by Bonferroni tests, were conducted to compare the distributions of the TCI-R dimension scores by age and sex.Results. On both the TCI-R and TCI-140, women had higher scores for Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness than men, whereas men had higher scores for Persistence. Age correlated negatively with Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness and positively with Harm Avoidance and Self-transcendence. Young subjects between 18 and 35 years had higher scores than older subjects in NS and RD. Subjects between 51 and 77 years scored higher in both HA and ST. The alphas for the dimensions were between 0.74 and 0.87 for the TCI-R and between 0.63 and 0.83 for the TCI-140.Conclusion. Results, which were obtained with a randomized sample, suggest that there are specific distributions of personality traits by sex and age. Overall, both the TCI-R and the abbreviated TCI-140 were reliable in the ‘good-to-excellent’ range. A strength of the current study is the representativeness of the sample.
Highlights
The personality paradigm proposed by Cloninger and colleagues (Cloninger, 1987; Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993) provides a dimensional alternative for studying personality
Descriptive analyses, age correlations, and reliability Administering the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)-140 to a general sample revealed that kurtosis and skewness were almost zero for the seven principal dimensions with the exception of Cooperativeness (C)
The skewness results for C for the TCI-R and TCI-140 were −.84 and −.84, respectively, whereas the kurtosis results were 1.62 and 1.53, respectively
Summary
The personality paradigm proposed by Cloninger and colleagues (Cloninger, 1987; Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993) provides a dimensional alternative for studying personality. It posits that there is a contribution from biological mechanisms and from learning through interactions in the development of an individual in his environment. All personality modules involve person by situation interactions that are regulated by a set of dynamical nonlinear systems, which allows human beings to be purposeful, flexible, and self-aware in their adaptation to life. Personality is a complex expression of nonlinear interactions among a whole hierarchy of learning systems that have evolved and that develop over time as a complex adaptive process, as described in detail elsewhere (Cloninger, 2002; Turner et al, 2003; Cloninger, 2004; Cloninger, 2008; Cloninger & Kedia, 2011; Cloninger, 2015)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
