The Review on Peptic Ulcer Disease

Abstract

Peptic ulcer is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the world’s population. The formation of peptic ulcers depends on the presence of gastric juice pH and the decrease in mucosal defenses. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are the two major factors disrupting the mucosal resistance to injury. Conventional treatments of peptic ulcers, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists, have demonstrated adverse effects, relapses, and various drug interactions. Peptic ulcer disease is characterized by discontinuation in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract because of gastric acid secretion or pepsin. It extends into the muscularis propria layer of the gastric epithelium. It usually occurs in the stomach and proximal duodenum. It may involve the lower esophagus, distal duodenum, or jejunum. Hence, this review presents common medicinal plants that may be used for the treatment or prevention of peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcer disease results from an imbalance between factors that protect the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum, and factors that cause damage to itPeptic ulcer disease presents with gastrointestinal symptoms similar to dyspepsia and can be difficult to distinguish clinically. It can have potentially serious complications such as bleeding or perforation, with a high risk of mortality.