Abstract
Currently, there are about 150–200 million diabetic patients treated with insulin globally. The year 2021 is special because the 100th anniversary of the insulin discovery is being celebrated. It is a good occasion to sum up the insulin pen technology invention and improvement which are nowadays the leading mode of an insulin delivery. Even though so many years have passed, insulin is still administered subcutaneously, that is why devices to deliver it are of great importance. Insulin pens have evolved only through the last decades (the reusable, durable pens, and the disposable, prefilled pens) and modern smart insulin pens have been developed in the last few years, and both types of the devices compared to traditional syringes and vials are more convenient, discrete in use, have better dosing accuracy, and improve adherence. In this review, we will focus on the history of insulin pens and their improvement over the previous decades.
Highlights
The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that over 537 million people all over the world are currently struggling with diabetes mellitus (DM) [1] and there are about 150–200 million of them treated with insulin [2]
Insulin remains the primary medication in the treatment of T1DM and is often used therapy in T2DM
Missed bolus done (MBD) injections were meals without bolus injection within -15 and +60 min from the start of a meal. These outcomes were compared between the baseline and follow-up periods
Summary
The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that over 537 million people all over the world are currently struggling with diabetes mellitus (DM) [1] and there are about 150–200 million of them treated with insulin [2]. Following the release of NovoPen®s, other manufacturers have introduced reusable insulin pens, including the HumaPen® range (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA) and the OptiPen® Pro, OptiClik®, and ClikSTAR® pens (Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) The inconvenience of the first insulin pens was no possibility of dialing backward without wasting insulin, but the thing changed with the introduction of NovoPen® 3 and HumaPen Ergo® [35, 41]. This option translated to device acceptability in comparison with previous generations of insulin injectors and syringes [43].
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