Abstract
With automated vehicles (AVs), reversible lanes could be a sustainable transportation solution once there is vehicle-to-infrastructure connectivity informing AVs about the lane configuration changes. This paper introduced the reversible lane network design problem (RL-NDP), formulated in mixed-integer non-linear mathematical programming—both the traffic assignment and the reversible lane decisions were embedded. The model was applied on an hourly basis in the case study of the city of Delft, the Netherlands. Reversible lanes are examined under no traffic equilibrium (former paths are maintained); user-equilibrium (UE) assignment (AVs decide their own paths); and system-optimum (SO) traffic assignment (AVs are forced to follow SO paths). We found out that reversible lanes reduce congested roads, total travel times, and delays up to 36%, 9%, and 22%, respectively. The SO scenario was revealed to be beneficial in reducing the total travel time and congested roads in peak hours, whereas UE is equally optimal in the remaining hours. A dual-scenario mixing SO and UE throughout the day reduced congested roads, total travel times, and delay up to 40%, 8%, and 19%, respectively, yet increased 1% in travel distance. The spatial analysis suggested a substantial lane variability in the suburbs, yet a strong presence of reversible lanes in the city center.
Highlights
Reversible lanes are road car traffic lanes whose flow direction can be changed to accommodate an increase in demand in one of the directions
In scenario C (SO), the total travel time reduced by 2.9k h veh, and the total delay reduction was 3.2k h veh, which reflects the reduction of congested roads accompanied by longer trips performed in free-flow spFeFieiggduu.rree66
Reversible lanes did not have an impact on the short-term, because reduction was 3.2k h veh, which reflects the reduction of congested roads accompanied by longer 14 trips performed in free-flow speed
Summary
Reversible lanes are road car traffic lanes whose flow direction can be changed to accommodate an increase in demand in one of the directions. The new automated vehicles (AVs) paradigm unveils an increasing travel demand accruing, for instance, from the citizens that were not able to drive previously, e.g., the elderly and youth [3], and from the ride-hailing services which somewhat complement mass transit and induce a change in behavior detrimental to public transportation [4,5]. The roadway layout would be decided dynamically as a function of the ongoing traffic flow to achieve the maximum benefits of this strategy This futuristic vision leads to a novel network design problem proposed in this paper, designated as the Reversible Lane Network Design Problem (RL-NDP) for AV traffic.
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