The return of the Scarlet Ibis: first breeding event in southern Brazil after local extinction

Abstract

Here we describe the first breeding event of the Scarlet Ibis ( Eudocimus ruber ) in southern Brazil after a long period of local extinction. The species reproduced in a mixed colony on Jarivatuba Island, a mangrove area in Babitonga Bay, northern Santa Catarina. During the breeding season, between August 2011 and March 2012, regular surveys were carried out in the area with a powerboat to collect basic information on the species breeding. The first adult was recorded in November 2011, along with a group of White-faced ibises ( Plegadis chihi ) that was nesting at the same site. In January 2012, the local Scarlet ibises displayed reproductive behavior, with adults in incubation position in the nests. The first chicks were recorded on January 20, 2012. In March 2012, there were few adults in the colony, and juveniles were recorded in flight groups, including some outside the colony. Although there is no on-site housing, the region is very disturbed, with industries and marinas nearby, and it suffers from the discharge of domestic and industrial effluents. The creation of a local protected area would be an adquate long-term strategy for the conservation of the Scarlet Ibis and this ecosystem.