The resurgence of visual urbanism in the American architectural discourse, 1954–1972

Abstract

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes On Olmsted's ideas about park design, see Frederick Law Olmsted, Civilizing American Cities: Writings on City Landscapes (1971; New York, Da Capo, 1997). See the articles by Mathew Aitchison, Akos Moravanszky and Jasper Cepl in this Issue; Camillo Sitte, Der Städtebau nach seinen künstlerischen Grundsätzen (Vienna, C. Graeser, 1889). Paul Schultze-Naumburg, Kulturarbeiten, 9 vols (Munich, Callwey and Kunstwart Verlag, 1900–1917). Susan L. Klaus, A Modern Arcadia: Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. and the Plan for Forest Hills Gardens (Amherst and Boston, University of Massachusetts Press, 2002), pp. 32–33. On Hegemann, see Christiane Crasemann Collins, Werner Hegemann and the Search for Universal Urbanism (New York and London, Norton, 2005). On this transition, see Jill Pearlman, ‘Joseph Hudnut's Other Modernism at the “Harvard Bauhaus”‘, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 56 (December, 1997), pp. 452–477. On the history of theory in cultural geography, see, for instance, Donald Mitchell, Cultural Geography: A Critical Introduction (Oxford and Malden, Mass., Blackwell, 2000). On the architectural reception of Jackson's early efforts, see Erik M. Ghenoiu, ‘Charles W. Moore and the Idea of Place’, Fabrications, 18:2 (December, 2008), pp. 90–118. Tridib Banerjee, Michael Southworth, eds, City Sense and City Design: Writings and Projects of Kevin Lynch (Cambridge, Mass. and London, The MIT Press, 1990), p. 135. Clément Orillard, ‘Tracing urban design's “Townscape” origins: some relationships between a British editorial policy and an American academic field in the 1950s’, Urban History, 36 (2009), pp. 284–302. The pivotal role of Gilpatric has been clarified only fairly recently: see Peter L. Laurence, ‘Contradictions and Complexities: Jane Jacobs's and Robert Venturi's Complexity Theories.’, Journal of Architectural Education, 59:3 (February, 2006), pp. 49–60; ibid., ‘Jane Jacobs before Death and Life’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 66:1 (March, 2007), pp. 5–15; Clément Orillard, ‘Tracing…’, op. cit. On Gruen, see M. Jeffrey Hardwick, Mall Maker: Victor Gruen, Architect of an American Dream (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004). Victor Gruen. ‘Landscape and Cityscape’, 1955; republished in Joan Ockman, ed., Architecture Culture 1943–1968: A Documentary Anthology (New York, Rizzoli, 1993), pp. 194–199. On the Conference, see Alex Krieger and William Saunders, eds, Urban Design (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2009); see also Peter L. Laurence, ‘Jane Jacobs before Death and Life’, op. cit. Jane Jacobs, ‘Downtown is for People’, 1957; reprinted in Editors of Fortune, The Exploding Metropolis (Garden City, NY, Doubleday, 1958), pp. 157–184; quotation p. 159. John Brinckerhoff Jackson,'Other-Directed Houses.', 1956; republished in Landscape in Sight: Looking at America (New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1997), pp. 187–197. For example, see Reyner Banham, ‘Unrecognized American Architecture: The Missing Motel’, Landscape, 15:2 (Winter, 1965), pp. 4–6. See Sibyl Moholy-Nagy, Native Genius in Anonymous Architecture (New York, Horizon Press, 1957); Bernard Rudofsky, Architecture Without Architects: An introduction to non-pedigreed architecture (Garden City, NY, Doubleday and Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1964). On this Conference, see Clément Orillard, op. cit. Christopher Tunnard, Boris Pushkarev, Man-Made America: Chaos or Control? (New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1963), Preface. Peter Blake, God's Own Junkyard: The planned deterioration of America's landscape (New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1964), p. 33. Ian Nairn, The American Landscape: A Critical View (New York, Random House, 1965), pp. 31–34. It seems that Nairn's book was based on research carried out several years before Blake's publication: see Gillian Darley's article in this Issue. Donald Appleyard, Kevin Lynch, John R. Myer, The View from the Road (Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press, 1964). Edmund Bacon, Design of Cities. 1968; (New York, Viking, 1967). Charles Moore, ‘You Have to Pay for the Public Life’, Perspecta, 9-10 (1965), pp. 57–106. The Robert Venturi piece in the same issue was an excerpt from his Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture, 1966; (New York, Museum of Modern Art, 1983). Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown, Steven Izenour, Learning from Las Vegas. 1972; (Cambridge, Mass. and London, The MIT Press, 1997). Venturi and Scott Brown's visual strategies are much clearer in the larger-format 1972 edition than in later editions.