The results of the study of multiple selections in a breeding nursery when creating new soybean varieties

Abstract

Relevance. At the present stage for agricultural production, the creation of new domestic competitive varieties of various plants is of paramount importance within the framework of the large-scale program of the Russian Federation for import substitution, while one of the most important and sought-after crops in Russia is soybean.Methods. The material for the research was the hybrid populations F7-F17 generations of the breeding nursery (SP), which is annually replenished with selections of individual plants from the F6 hybrid nursery.Results. An estimate of the duration of multiple selections by the pedigry method in a breeding nursery (SP) until obtaining homozygous lines is given. The analysis of the conducted studies showed that out of 29 soybean varieties of hybrid origin included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation and being tested for 2023, 13 varieties (Harmoniya, Lydia, Nega 1, MK-100, Lebedushka, Zhuravushka, Lacemaker, Cinderella, Tisey, Lyana, Olimp, Lastochka, Tatiana) (44.8%) were obtained on the basis of multiple selections F7-F9 in the breeding nursery, and the variety Persona, which is included in the State Register for 11 regions and is in demand in the Amur Region, was isolated from the hybrid population of the F17 generation. As a result of the assessment for 2020–2022. F7-F17 generations of the breeding nursery according to the duration of splitting in hybrid populations, it was found that multiple selection up to the tenth generation is most effective (F7 — 35.1%, F8 — 30.8%, F9 — 12.1%), but promising highly productive lines with economically valuable traits can also be obtained from later generations