Abstract
The study confirmed the set scientific hypothesis that to improve seed germination and uniformity of germination of cultivated agricultural crops and increase their yields possible while performing operations field preparation, sowing, formation of the desired profile, density and structure of the soil over the sown seeds on the basis of application of innovative methods and means of mechanization of surface tillage. As a result of experimental studies, the design parameters of the developed innovative agricultural tools have been optimized. When combined, they provide the required fine-grained and optimally compacted soil layer, in which the seeds of agricultural crops are located. As recommendations to agricultural production, the actual value of the specific mass of the developed rollers is established, taking into account ballasting loads per 1 m of the width of the grip, the value of which is within 95...160 kg, depending on the shape and design of the working elements, as well as on the properties of the processed medium. In the course of evaluating the metal capacity of innovative agricultural tools and serial ring-spur roller, a difference of 64% per unit of widthof the grip was revealed. Defined increase of productivity when using the developed means of mechanization of surface tillage for spring barley to 14% and 16 %, spring wheat by 11 % and 14 %, winter wheat up to 7% and 9% respectively compared with serial ring-spur roller and disc rollers seeder. Based on the economic assessment of the compared seeding technologies, the annual economic effect of the introduction of innovative tillage rollers was established, which amounted to 64…69 $ by 1 ha of spring barley crops.
Highlights
The study confirmed the set scientific hypothesis that to improve seed germination and uniformity of germination of cultivated agricultural crops and increase their yields possible while performing operations field preparation, sowing, formation of the desired profile, density and structure of the soil over the sown seeds on the basis of application of innovative methods and means of mechanization of surface tillage
The purpose of the research is to develop energy-resource-saving methods and means of mechanization of surface soil treatment with justification of optimal design parameters and operating modes that reduce energy and operating costs, the required quality of soil treatment taking into account environmental requirements and, as a result, increase the yield of cultivated crops
Under the influence of tillage rollers on the soil the necessary density of the seed layer and the rise of moisture from the lower layers due to the formation of a capillary structure is provided for agricultural seeds
Summary
The study confirmed the set scientific hypothesis that to improve seed germination and uniformity of germination of cultivated agricultural crops and increase their yields possible while performing operations field preparation, sowing, formation of the desired profile, density and structure of the soil over the sown seeds on the basis of application of innovative methods and means of mechanization of surface tillage. In connection with the above, the problem of mechanical and technological justification for improving energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of crop cultivation methods and competitive means of mechanization of surface tillage and seeding, ensuring high quality of technological operations, optimal technical and economic indicators, is relevant, important and has a significant impact on the development of the agrial production.
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