Abstract
ObjectivesThe impact of kaolinite on human periodontal cells is yet unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the response of human periodontal cells to kaolinite.MethodsHuman periodontal cells were treated with kaolinite at reducing concentrations from 30 to 0.0015 mg/mL and with conditioned medium, which was depleted of kaolinite. Cell viability was evaluated with a resazurin-based toxicity assay, Live-Dead staining, and MTT assay and staining. The pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were quantified via ELISA in periodontal fibroblasts. L-929, a standard cell-line used for cytotoxicity studies, served as control cell line. Composition of kaolinite was verified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.ResultsKaolinite in suspension but not in conditioned medium impaired cell viability dose-dependently. VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8 production was not substantially modulated by kaolinite or the conditioned medium in periodontal cells.ConclusionOverall, kaolinite can decrease cell viability dose-dependently while conditioned medium showed no toxic effect. No pronounced impact of kaolinite on VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8 production was observed. This study provided first insights into the impact of kaolinite on human periodontal cells thereby inferring to the basis for the evaluation of kaolinite as a carrier in regenerative dentistry.Clinical relevanceKaolinite, a clay mineral, is successfully used in medicine due to its favorable properties. Also, applications in conservative dentistry are described. However, the response of oral cells to kaolinite is still unclear. Here, we assessed the impact of kaolinite on human periodontal cells.
Highlights
Tissue engineering is based on three main pillars: cells, scaffolds, and growth factors [1]
Cell viability was decreased by kaolinite dosedependently
gingival fibroblasts (GF) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) were more resistant to the impact of kaolinite than L-929
Summary
Tissue engineering is based on three main pillars: cells, scaffolds, and growth factors [1]. Several properties are to be considered before deciding for a specific scaffold. The most important are biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties, scaffold architecture, and manufacturing technology [2]. Scaffold properties impact the efficiency of a certain tissue engineering approach. The importance of choosing and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria designing an optimal scaffold for a specific application is of high importance. Clay-based materials have been advocated in regenerative medicine for tissue engineering as carrier materials for pharmaceuticals and biologicals [3,4,5,6,7,8]
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