The response of insulin signaling proteins IRS1 and PTP-1B to endurance, HIIT and resistance training in rats with experimental diabetes

Abstract

Summary Objectives Exercise is widely perceived to be an important component for diabetes. This study designed to evaluate the responses of different exercises (aerobic, HIIT, resistance) to PTP1B and IRS-1 expression of gastrocnemius muscle in experimental diabetes rats. Material and methods 40 diabetic male Wistar rats were divided into: four groups: control group, aerobic, resistance, and HIIT group. The exercises protocols were carried out for 12 weeks. Blood sample was collected for serum glucose and insulin analysis. The animals were then sacrificed and Blood sample was collected for serum glucose and insulin analysis. Gastrocnemius muscle was also exposed for evaluation of PTP-1B and IRS1 genes expression. Results Fasting blood glucose decreased and fasting serum insulin level increased significantly in all trained groups compared to diabetic control group, whereas HOMA_IR index not significantly changed. The expression of IRS1 gene upregulated significantly in aerobic and HIIT trained groups, but no significant difference observed the resistance group compared to the diabetic control group. Moreover, PTP-1B gene expression downregulated significantly in all aerobic, HIIT, and resistance groups compared to control group by different mechanisms. Conclusion The results provide new insights into the mechanism of insulin resistance linked to physical exercise and which exercise protocol restores insulin sensitivity.