The response of bacterial community to UVB was significantly different between immature periphyton and mature periphyton, but not for physiological indicators

Abstract

Periphyton has important ecological functions. It can even exist in environments with strong ultraviolet radiation. However, knowledge of periphyton under ultraviolet is limited, which limits the understanding and application of periphyton in environments with high ultraviolet radiation. In this study, immature periphyton (IMP) and mature periphyton (MP) under ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation were investigated and compared in terms of physiological characteristics and bacterial community. Analysis of the physiological characteristics showed that the response patterns of IMP and MP to UVB were similar. IMP and MP could adapt to UVB of 1 W/m2 well. However, high-intensity UVB (2 and 3 W/m2) reduced the periphyton biomass, inhibited photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity and caused severe lipid peroxidation in both IMP and MP. Integrated Biological Response (IBR) analysis and toxicological model fitting showed that the ED50 values of UVB for IMP and MP were 1.25 and 1.50 W/m2, respectively. 16 S rRNA gene analysis showed that in both IMP and MP, bacterial community composition, assembly and function were affected by UVB. In addition, the response of the bacterial community in IMP to UVB was stronger than that in MP. The diversity of the IMP community was inhibited by UVB, but that of the MP community was not. Proteobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus are key microorganisms responsible for tolerance to UVB stress. Neutral community model fitting showed that both UVB and the development process caused the determinism of bacterial succession. However, UVB may weaken the deterministic process caused by development. Functional prediction showed that many metabolic functions of periphyton were inhibited by UVB in IMP and MP. However, UVB caused different changes (enhancement or inhibition) of some ecological functions in them. This study provides valuable information for understanding periphyton in environments with UVB radiation, which may be used to improve the application of periphyton in these environments.