Abstract
The marine environmental incident causing mass fish death in Central Vietnam by Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Plant in 2016 severely impacted people's livelihoods in four provinces. Several previous studies have indicated that diversifying livelihoods is one of the best solutions to increase the resilience of households to overcome such incidents. This study investigated the relationship between livelihood diversification and the stability of small-scale fishing households. Our findings showed that impact levels and resilience capacity under family perception are important aspects for impact assessment in the context of the environmental shock. Local families can diversify their livelihoods based on their resources as well as through government-supporting policies. The livelihood diversification of impacted households is significantly valuable in increasing the resilience process after the Formosa incident. Families with more livelihood activities related to income sources have better resilience than families with less livelihood activities. By the effort of households and government support policies, impacted households have gradually improved their livelihood resilience.
Highlights
The anthropogenic environmental shocks have critically affected vulnerable households, mainly those dependent on natural resources in many parts of the world [1, 2]
A marine environmental incident caused by Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Corporation in central Vietnam and detected on April 6th, 2016, was an example of how an environmental shock impacted the lives of coastal communities
We investigate the possible correlation between the livelihood diversification of small-scale fishing households and their resilience to a livelihood shock
Summary
The anthropogenic environmental shocks have critically affected vulnerable households, mainly those dependent on natural resources in many parts of the world [1, 2]. A marine environmental incident (called the Formosa incident) caused by Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Corporation in central Vietnam and detected on April 6th, 2016, was an example of how an environmental shock impacted the lives of coastal communities. The illegal discharge of toxic waste emitted during trial operation of the newly built steel factory's wastewater discharge system had caused mass fish death along the Central Coast of Vietnam [5, 43, 44]. The total killed fish was estimated at over 300 tons, including wild fish (115 tons), farmed fish (100 tons), and clams (67 tons). These figures did not account for the loss of shrimp, cuttlefish, squid, and other aquatic species
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