Abstract
In this article, we investigate the resilience of Massive MIMO Physical Layer Network Coding (PNC) to jamming attack in both sub-6 GHz and millimeter-Wave (mmWave) systems in vehicular networks. Massive MIMO generally is resilient to jamming attacks, and we investigate the impact that PNC has on this resilience, if combined with Massive MIMO. The combination of Massive MIMO and PNC has shown a significant improvement in the bit error rate (BER) in our previous investigation. The corresponding framework is analysed against a barraging attack from a jammer, where the jamming channel is not known to the base station (BS), and the jammer can use any number of transmit antennas. Over Rayleigh channel, our simulation results reveal that Massive MIMO PNC performs better in the lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions to jamming attacks and this is achieved at twice the spectral efficiency. A similar performance is observed over mmWave channel.
Highlights
T HE broadcast nature of the wireless medium has undoubtedly propelled some significant innovations that allow users to access network resources from nearly any convenient location
We investigated the resilience of Massive MIMO Physical Layer Network Coding (PNC) to jamming attack in both sub-6 GHz and mmWave
We showed how the combination of Massive MIMO and PNC does not impact the bit error rate (BER) any worse than it would in Massive MIMO system without PNC
Summary
T HE broadcast nature of the wireless medium has undoubtedly propelled some significant innovations that allow users to access network resources from nearly any convenient location. OKYERE et al.: RESILIENCE OF MASSIVE MIMO PNC TO JAMMING ATTACKS IN VEHICULAR NETWORKS that their proposed scheme requires just a single time slot to exchange information across TWRC, whereas four time slots would be needed in a conventional TWRC. In our recently published work [27], we developed a practical approach for deploying PNC in multi-user Massive MIMO systems, utilizing QPSK modulation scheme. The transmissions were over the Rayleigh fading channel with additive-white Gaussian noise (AWGN) at the receive antennas and the performance evaluation revealed that in the lower SNR regime, our PNC scheme outperformed conventional Massive MIMO in those structured noisy and interfered channels. We study a multi-user Massive MIMO system, where a base station’s (BS) capacity to perform PNC is challenged by an active jammer that persistently transmits jamming signals.
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