The Residues and Risk Assessment of Sulfonamides in Animal Products

Xiao-Lei Zuo,Han Ai-Yun,Wei Chen

doi:10.1155/2021/5597755

Abstract

Objective. To investigate and assess the risk of sulfonamide residues in livestock and poultry products in Shijiazhuang and determine the risk level of the dietary intake of sulfonamides, in order to provide the basis for the safety production, consumption, and safety supervision of livestock products. Methods. Totally, 1200 samples of livestock products were collected, and the samples were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Combined with the data of Chinese residents’ dietary survey in 2015, a nonparametric probability assessment model was constructed to assess the risk of sulfonamides in the livestock and poultry products of Shijiazhuang residents by using the professional risk assessment software @Risk. Risk assessment of the consumption of sulfonamide veterinary drugs in livestock and poultry products of Shijiazhuang residents was conducted. Results. Of the 1200 main livestock products tested, 8 were found to have sulfonamide residues, which were mainly sulfadiazine residue, sulfadiazine, and sulfadimethoxy, with the detection rates of 0.17%, 0.25%, and 0.25%, respectively. The average residual concentrations were 0.66, 0.50, and 0.50 g/kg, respectively, which were lower than the national residue limit of China (100 μg/kg). The food safety index was 2.95 × 10−4, which was far less than 1. Conclusion. The risk of residual exposure to sulfonamides in livestock and poultry meat in Shijiazhuang is very low and is at a very safe level. However, it is still necessary to strengthen the supervision of animal products in order to reduce the residues of veterinary drugs in the human body.

Highlights

In recent years, livestock and poultry products, such as meat, eggs, and milk, are taking an increasing proportion in the diet of Chinese consumers, and food quality has received extensive concern throughout the society
Risk Assessment on Sulfonamide Residues in Livestock and Poultry Products. e risks of exposure to sulfonamides by residents in Shijiazhuang are assessed in accordance with the data of mean body weight and intake of main food by Chinese residents in 2012 as provided in the 2015 Report on Chinese Resident’s Chronic Disease and Nutrition
It is found in the research that the toxic reaction of chemical contaminants is highly related to the absolute amount into the human body [25], and the actual intake of certain chemical contaminants into the body and its comparison with the safe intake amount is used to assess whether the food is safe or not, the Index of Food Safety (IFS) is used to describe whether the chemical contaminants taken into human body from food can cause harm to the human body, and the calculated results are used to assess the safety influence after consuming the food, so that the results are used to guide the risk control practice and actions are taken to lower the risks [26]

Summary

Introduction

Livestock and poultry products, such as meat, eggs, and milk, are taking an increasing proportion in the diet of Chinese consumers, and food quality has received extensive concern throughout the society. Sulfonamide residue is a critical influencing factor of livestock and poultry product quality. Sulfonamides have a peculiar p-aminobenzenesulfonamide structure and compete with para-aminobenzoic acid for dihydrofolate synthetase in the body metabolism, preventing the synthesis of folic acid in the bacteria [3]. Sulfonamides have a slow metabolism and long stay in the body, which result in excess residues in the livestock and poultry. Long-term intake of the animal products with excess sulfonamide residues may cause the building up of sulfonamide residues in the human body and cause a variety of toxic effects, such as hemopoietic system disorder, allergy, and cancer [4]. In the US and EU, laws and standards require that the maximum residue limit of sulfonamides in animal source foods is 100 μg/kg [4, 5], and in China, the maximum residue limit of sulfonamides in the animal muscle and liver is 100 μg/kg (MOA Announcement No 235) [6]

Methods

Results

Conclusion