Abstract
During the armed struggle for the nation’s independence, the Eastern border provinces of Rhodesia became the center of intense military activity. Accordingly, it was from this region that entire villages were evacuated, as families crossed into Mozambique to escape enclosure by the Smith regime into “protected villages.” The Tangwena people of the area, long pursued by the white power structure in an attempt to disperse them, moved en masse across the border. It was also from this region that vast numbers of school students and other frustrated youth left to answer the call to swell the ranks of the liberation forces. It was natural then that the resettlement of returning refugees from Mozambique camps between January and September 1980 was concentrated in the general Umtali-Fort Victoria area.
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