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Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is a member of the TRAF protein family, a cytoplasmic bridging molecule closely associated with various immune functions. The physiological processes of TRAF4 are mainly involved in embryonic development, cell polarity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of reactive oxygen species production. TRAF4 is overexpressed in a variety of tumors and regulates the formation and development of a variety of tumors. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pathological regulatory functions of TRAF4 and focus on understanding the biological processes involved in this gene, to provide a reference for further studies on the role of this gene in tumorigenesis and development.
Highlights
Reviewed by: Srimoyee Mukherjee, Tufts University School of Medicine, United States Chandraditya Chakraborty, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, United States
We summarize the physiological and pathological regulatory functions of Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) and focus on understanding the biological processes involved in this gene, to provide a reference for further studies on the role of this gene in tumorigenesis and development
Tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF) is a critical linker molecule in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) and Toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor (TLR/ILR) superfamily that plays a regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and survival, and immune response
Summary
Tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF) is a critical linker molecule in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) and Toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor (TLR/ILR) superfamily that plays a regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and survival, and immune response. TRAF4 emerged earlier in evolution, homologous analogues of TRAF4 have been identified in lower coelenterates, and TRAF4 homologues play similar roles during embryonic development in both invertebrates and vertebrates, leading to the inference that TRAF4 may be one of the older members of the TRAF family and that it exerts a function that is TNFR non-dependent [7]. Unlike other members of the TRAF protein family, TRAF4 migrates in the cell membrane, cell plasma and nucleus mainly through indirect action or formation of complexes, participating in several signalling pathways such as NF-kB and JNK to exert physiopathological regulatory functions. TRAF4 is less capable of activating signalling pathways alone and must be combined with other interacting proteins before it can effectively activate signalling pathways [8, 9]
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