Abstract

In today's economy, the subject of taxation, in particular, precise calculation and evaluation of taxes is becoming more and more relevant. There is a practice, where tax auditors performing audits of the business entity often do not even know whether it is ethical to allow the business entity, i.e. taxpayer, to correct some of the errors appearing in the tax records, and not to punish the business by fines and interests, as is prescribed by the Law of Tax Administration of the Republic of Lithuania. It should be noted that there was a similar problem several decades ago among accountants and this led to the emergence of professional codes of ethics of accountants. The discussions of the behaviour of the tax auditor, auditing one or another company, in the context of professional ethics, what fundamental values and principles should he be guided by in order to maintain good quality of work, following the relevant moral norms, enables the argument that the topic of tax auditor's assessment in the context of professional ethics has not been analysed thoroughly enough, therefore the identification of tax auditor's ethical norms, values, principles and, most importantly, assessment is extremely important for the purpose of making the individual tax auditor’s , as well as all the tax system’s performance more efficient. Even for a very knowledgeable in his field tax auditor it is no easy to tell what kind of personal traits suggest that certain behaviour is ethical, consequently the article analyses the main values and principles of professional ethics, that should serve as guidelines not only for tax auditors, but also for any other person, seeking higher results in his profession. Therefore the objective of the research is to conduct a research on tax auditors’ professional ethics.
 The code of ethics plays a special role in the evaluation of professional ethics; it defines the core values and principles for ethical behaviour. A tax auditor, seeking professional growth through quality performance, taking into account the moral obligations, should not only comply with the fundamental values, such as honesty, objectivity, impartiality, confidentiality and sense of duty, but also provide a decent example for the audited company’s employees to demonstrate the integrity of the entire tax system and thus create confidence in the Lithuanian tax system. The results of a questionnaire survey showed that the tax auditor's professional ethics are directly connected with the taxpayer's trust in the Lithuanian tax system. Therefore, the existing practice of different taxpayers committing identical offences and being treated differently undermines the confidence not only in tax auditors and their professional ethics, but also in the tax system of the country as a whole. The questionnaire survey results suggest that, according to the taxpayers, it is essential for the tax auditor to follow such principles at work as impartiality, confidentiality and thoroughness. All of the above should be included in the tax auditor's code of ethics.

Highlights

  • The code of ethics plays a special role in the evaluation of professional ethics; it defines the core values and principles for ethical behavior

  • Priešingu atveju būtų pažeidžiamas mokesčių sistemos vientisumas, pasitikėjimas ir, svarbiausia, jos kokybiškumas, kuris lemia ekonomikos tvarumą per skaidresnę įmonių veiklą, konkurencingumo didinimą, valstybės pajamų užtikrinimą, jų panaudojimą ir finansinę bei socialinę gerovę

  • All of the above should be included in the tax auditor's code of ethics

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Summary

Etikos ir moralės koncepcijų teoriniai aspektai profesinės etikos kontekste

Neretai etikos ir moralės sampratos yra tapatinamos ir bendrai apibrėžiamos kaip mokslo sritys, tiriančias normas, principus, problemas, kylančias tarp žmogaus ir aplinkos ar tarp susijusių įvairiais ryšiais asmenų, kur moralės klausimai analizuojami per gėrio ir blogio prizmę (Kalenda, 2009). Egzistuoja ir profesinė etika, kurios pagrindas yra pamatinės etikos vertybės bei principai. Profesinė etika susijusi su asmens, kaip tam tikros srities specialisto, veikla. Priešingu atveju būtų pažeidžiamas mokesčių sistemos vientisumas, pasitikėjimas ir, svarbiausia, jos kokybiškumas, kuris lemia ekonomikos tvarumą per skaidresnę įmonių veiklą, konkurencingumo didinimą, valstybės pajamų užtikrinimą, jų panaudojimą ir finansinę bei socialinę gerovę. Tuo tarpu objektyvumas ir nešališkumas mokesčių auditoriaus profesijoje yra traktuojamas kaip griežtas viešųjų ir privačių interesų atskyrimas. Kad mokesčių auditorius neturi būti paveikiamas asmeninių audituojamos įmonės darbuotojų interesų ir jų nuomonių, kas galėtų prieštarauti objektyviems audito rezultatams, standartams ir galiausiai išvadoms bei ataskaitoms. Mokesčių auditoriai privalo išlaikyti savo nepriklausomumą nuo politinės įtakos, ir ne tik todėl, kad tai yra draudžiama įstatymais, bet ir dėl to, kad tai gali paveikti mokesčių sistemos skaidrumą, kas neigiamai paveiktų ir šalies ekonomiką

Pagrindiniai profesinės etikos reikalavimai mokesčių auditoriui
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