The requirement for subunit interaction in the production of Penicillium chrysogenum acyl-coenzyme A: isopenicillin N acyltransferase in Escherichia coli

Abstract

Subunit interaction in the formation of active acyl-coenzyme A: isopenicillin N acyltransferase (AT) has been investigated. Various AT derivatives were produced from altered Penicillium chrysogenum penDE genes placed in Escherichia coli expression systems. The regions of penDE encoding the a (11 kDa) and β (29 kDa) AT subunits were separated at the DNA level by linker insertion at the region encoding Gly 102/Cys 103. Synthesis of AT from the resulting two-cistron mRNA resulted in active α,β-heterodimeric recombinant AT (reAT), containing subunits of 11 and 29 kDa (similar to wild-type AT). Complete separation of the a and β subunits was performed by placing the region of penDE encoding each subunit on different plasmids. Production of either subunit in the absence of the other did not form active reAT. However, cotransformation of E. coli with two plasmids, each encoding a different AT subunit, produced reAT having acyl-coenzyme A: 6-aminopenicillanic acid (acyl-CoA: 6-APA) AT activity. Mutation of penDE replacing Thr 105 with Asn resulted in inactive and uncleaved reAT. Coexpression of this mutant penDE with a penDE derivative encoding the β subunit in E. coli produced acyl-CoA: 6-APA AT activity. These results suggest that the formation of reAT involves cooperative folding events between the subunits. In vitro transcription/translation was used to determine the origin of the AT hydrolase activity that cleaves the 40-kDa precursor polypeptide. The appearance of a 29-kDa protein (and presumably the corresponding 11-kDa protein, although not observable) from the 40-kDa in vitro translated protein provides further evidence that AT hydrolysis is an autocatalytic event.